Which situations are classified as constitutional torts?

In the context of constitutional torts, the classification is centered around violations of constitutional rights by governmental officials. Situations characterized as constitutional torts involve actions that contravene rights guaranteed by the Constitution, especially those protected by the Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments.

Unreasonable search and seizure is a prime example of a constitutional tort because it directly violates the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals from arbitrary searches and seizures by the government. When law enforcement agencies conduct searches without probable cause, warrants, or necessary justification, they infringe upon an individual's constitutional rights, leading to potential civil liability for the officials involved.

Other choices, while they may involve wrongful acts, primarily pertain to other areas of law. For instance, negligent driving and excessive force can involve civil liability but not necessarily under constitutional grounds unless specific constitutional rights are violated in the excessive use of force context. Fraud and embezzlement revolve around criminal behavior and financial crimes, typically analyzed under criminal or civil law, not constitutional law. Similarly, defamation and slander involve tort law focused on personal injury cases rather than direct infringements of constitutional protections. Thus, unreasonable search and seizure stands out as the correct representation of a constitutional tort.